For many, colonialism feels old, empires no longer exist, and stronger nations no longer exploit the resources of smaller nations. Yet, its influence still lingers, affecting global cultures, economies, and identities. Colonialism was not only about territorial control, it reshaped societies, facilitating cultural and economic domination. Colonies retain strong bonds with their colonizers through trade, economic dependencies, and political influence even after independence. This ongoing relationship is known as “neo-colonialism”, where the former colonizer may no longer hold direct power but still exerts control over their former colonies’ economy, political, and cultural spheres.
Hong Kong’s British colonial past has left a deep mark on the city. English has been imposed as a dominant language, street names, government forms, and school curriculums are all formed by British standards. Even now, 27 years after the handover in 1997, British signs and symbols persist in Hong Kong’s legal system, business, and culture. Hong Kong is caught between two worlds, one with Western influence and the other with Chinese rule. With Britain no longer in control, Hong Kong is now left in a rather uncertain standing. As someone who has lived in Hong Kong, this is rather significant. The general public is divided between those who embrace Western influence and those who align with Chinese governance. And with the pro-China constitution, tensions often rise in the city.
The selective British National Overseas (BNO) policy exemplifies how Britain maintains a paternalistic influence over Hong Kong. A recent example of the ongoing influences is how the UK manipulates its immigration policies to accommodate its interests. Before 1997, the British government gave Hong Kong residents a BNO (British National Overseas) status. This placed Hong Kong residents in a “sort of citizen” category. It wasn’t full citizenship, and though it held Hong Kong close to the UK, they were never truly British. However, amidst the political unrest in 2021, The UK restarted a pathway for its BNO holders to move to the UK. The immigration policies appear to be benevolent, but the move could be considered colonial paternalism. The UK leaves when it suits its interest, offering help selectively and maintaining control. The policy presents an appearance of support while highlighting Britain’s lasting influence over Hong Kong.
Economically, British corporations still hold significant power in Hong Kong’s market. When you inspect Hong Kong’s financial core, Western corporations are still deeply ingrained, benefiting from the system established during colonial rule. The presence of these businesses displays an economic grip that the UK hasn’t released. The foreign involvement in the economy isn’t just a sign of international cooperation, it is also a reminder of the city’s colonial history.
The legacy of colonialism persists, as it shapes the culture, economy, and politics of former colonies long after their independence. Hong Kong is a strong example where British influences linger in language, legal system, and businesses. Neo-colonialism practices such as selective immigration and economic dominance further demonstrate the footprint of colonial powers without being present. The case of Hong Kong reveals a sad truth; colonialism doesn’t just exist in history, it is still active in the lives of the once-ruled.
Sources:
“British National (Overseas).” Wikipedia, 24 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_National_(Overseas).
Wikipedia Contributors. “History of Hong Kong.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Oct. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong.
Chan, Ming K. “Hong Kong: Colonial Legacy, Transformation, and Challenge.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 547, 1996, pp. 11–23. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1048360. Accessed 10 Nov. 2024.
FALEIRO, EDUARDO. “Colonialism, Neo-Colonialism And Beyond.” World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, vol. 16, no. 4, 2012, pp. 12–17. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48566252. Accessed 10 Nov. 2024.
